Said this, let’s go to the 10 shocking water treatment
solutions anyone can accomplish to stop water pollution lethal effects
everywhere.
Number 1: Solar Disinfection Purification of Water Project
Otherwise, known as SODIS is a simple and sustainable water
purification technique that harnesses the sun’s UV rays. By filling up a
plastic bottle with dirty water and leaving it in direct sunlight for a day (or
under cloudy skies for two days), the SODIS method destroys 99.9% of bacteria
and pathogens. The disadvantage is that it does not eliminate chemical, mineral
or radiological waste.
Number 2: Boiling Disinfection
To eliminate the bacteria it is necessary that water boil
from 15 to 30 minutes. It is a simple and economic disinfection method
available to most households. The disadvantage here is the concentration loss
of dissolved minerals, due to the evaporation of water.
Number 3: Chlorine Disinfection
Chlorination is one of the fastest, most economical and
effective methods to eliminate the bacteria contained in water. Generally,
three drops per liter are sufficient. After adding the chlorine, it is very
important to wait half an hour before drinking the water. Water from the
aqueduct has chlorine already, so it can happen that adding more chlorine
manifests itself in the flavor (making it very unpleasant); this does not
represent health risks.
If the treated water has too strong a chlorine taste, it can
be made more pleasing by allowing the water to stand exposed to the air for a
few hours or by pouring it from one clean container to another several times.
Number 4: Homemade Clay Filter
It consists of preparing a clay mass and mix it with rice
husks or pineapple peels until obtaining a homogeneous mixture. Then, model a
shape of a water filter (such as a bucket) and then "cook it" in a
traditional pottery oven between 700 and 1,000 degrees Celsius until the
material hardens. As chemical engineers explain, at this temperature the crop
residue decomposes and releases the carbon dioxide. In turn, this dioxide forms
microscopic pores in the clay. These pores are "really tiny", so they
serve to retain the bacteria, viruses, toxic contaminants and metals that water
may have, while allowing only clean water to pass through. For more than six
months of testing, the clay filter has successfully pass exams in a 99% at the
Diarrhea Research Center in Bangladesh, Asia. Scientific tests have shown that
the filter retains 99.99% of the pathogenic elements.
Number 5: Activated Carbon Filter
This method is very efficient to eliminate chlorine excess,
bad odor, unpleasant flavors and heavy solids in water, as well as to retain
some organic pollutants, such as insecticides, pesticides and herbicides. The
risk posed by these filters is that they can saturate and contaminate with
microorganisms, therefore, it is necessary to change them every five months;
otherwise, the water is no longer safe to drink. To activate the charcoal, you
just have to grind it until there is charcoal powder, add a solution of 3 parts
of water and a part of lemon juice to the powdered charcoal until it is covered
and stirred until it becomes a paste. Let the paste stand for 24 hours. Put the
paste in a pot and cook it for 3 hours to activate the charcoal. When it cools,
fill a sock or a small bag with activated carbon and use it as a filter for
water.
Number 6: Filtration Through Slow Sand Method
It is a filtering system that traps the larger particles
suspended in the water, remaining in the different layers of sand that have
different thickness in relation to each other. For this, place a first layer of
sand in a container with tap outlet; add another of fine gravel on top of the
first one and then a last one of larger gravel. The water is poured into the
container and collected through the tap. The water will pass through all the
layers that will retain dirt.
Number 7: Filtration by cartridge
It is the last step of the water to achieve its physical
polishing. The water passes through a device that contains paper, cardboard or
filter cloth with the ability to retain any possible residue suspended in the
water of an approximate size of up to 5 microns as in the purifying plants. 5
microns is equal to the pores of a coffee filter. When the cartridge becomes
dirty due to excess suspended matter, just replace it by another one or wash
and reuse if possible.
Number 8: Xylem Filters
A team of scientists has proven the effectiveness of
pinewood in water filtration using its xylem, a lignified vegetable tissue
conduction that transports fluids from one part of the vascular plants to
another. The results published in the journal PLoS ONE, indicate that:
"Using three different xylem filters, we obtained an almost total
filtering of the bacteria, capturing 99.9% of them," the authors wrote.
The xylem filters used in the study appeared to capture
almost all particles larger than 100 nanometers in diameter, which means that
they would also exclude protozoa. Other smaller viruses can get through the
filter, but research suggests that other types of wood with smaller pores could
filter out these smaller pathogens.
To make a homemade water filter, all you have to do is peel
the bark of a pine branch and stick it in a tube, sealing the spaces between
the twig and the tube with epoxy glue. Each twig filters 4 liters of water per
day, enough for one person.
Number 9: Distillation
For this method, heat the water to the boiling point and
collect the condensed water vapor. The simplest method is to collect the water
that condenses in the lid of the container. Many of the contaminants are left
behind, especially heavy metals. This method eliminates all minerals, including
those that are favorable for human health. This process consumes a lot of
energy and is therefore an expensive process. Some harmful elements that easily
pass into the gaseous state, such as certain organic chemicals, can bind to
condensed water. Therefore, the distillation process cannot eliminate all chemical
substances.
And finally,
Number 10: Solar Oven
It works by filling the black kettle with salty seawater in
the morning, and then closing the lid. As the temperature and pressure
increase, the steam is forced down through a connecting tube and accumulates in
the lid, which acts as a condenser, transforming the steam into fresh water.
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